{"id":3061,"date":"2019-10-15T15:14:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-15T15:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/isabelle-meschi.com\/bletchley-park-le-lieu-secret-qui-a-change-la-face-du-monde\/"},"modified":"2019-10-15T17:18:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-15T17:18:46","slug":"bletchley-park-le-lieu-secret-qui-a-change-la-face-du-monde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/isabelle-meschi.com\/it\/bletchley-park-le-lieu-secret-qui-a-change-la-face-du-monde\/","title":{"rendered":"Bletchley Park, le lieu secret qui a chang\u00e9 la face du monde"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sit\u00f4t arriv\u00e9s dans cette petite gare au Nord de Londres, le ton est donn\u00e9. \u00ab\u00a0Bletchley Park : home of codebreakers\u00a0\u00bb peut-on lire sur le panneau. Lieu top-secret durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, peu de gens en connaissent l\u2019existence, m\u00eame si le film The Imitation Game<\/em>, avec Benedict Cumberbatch dans le r\u00f4le principal, a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 lever le voile sur le myst\u00e8re qui planait autour de ce lieu. Pour ma part, j\u2019en ai entendu parler la premi\u00e8re fois lors d\u2019une exposition sur le d\u00e9cryptage au Science Museum de Londres.<\/p>\n

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\"\" \"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Que se passait-il donc dans ces b\u00e2timents de si secret au point d’interdire au personnel d’en parler sous peine d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9limin\u00e9 ? C\u2019\u00e9tait l\u00e0 que l\u2019on d\u00e9cryptait les messages ennemis.<\/p>\n

En effet, afin de s\u00e9curiser leurs communications, les Allemands avaient cr\u00e9\u00e9 une machine servant \u00e0 crypter leurs messages\u00a0: Enigma. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un m\u00e9canisme complexe, chaque lettre prenait la forme d\u2019une autre lettre, selon des combinaisons innombrables.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce au travail de grands math\u00e9maticiens, parmi lesquels Alan Turing, Bletchley Park r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 percer le code ennemi. Le centre employait \u00e9galement des traducteurs et des dactylographes.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Voici le parcours, r\u00e9sum\u00e9, du processus de d\u00e9cryptage.<\/p>\n

On interceptait et transcrivait les messages allemands, qui \u00e9taient ensuite envoy\u00e9s \u00e0 Bletchley Park pour \u00eatre analys\u00e9s. On param\u00e9trait ensuite les machines pour trouver la cl\u00e9 et on en analysait les r\u00e9sultats afin de d\u00e9crypter les messages \u00e9mis par Enigma. Ces derniers \u00e9taient ensuite traduits, puis envoy\u00e9s aux Alli\u00e9s, sous le nom de code \u00ab\u00a0Ultra\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Et, bien entendu, une fois la cl\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte, il ne fallait pas que les Allemands se doutent de quoi que ce soit. Ainsi, tous les rapports envoy\u00e9s \u00e9taient attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 un agent imaginaire du MI6, Boniface.<\/p>\n

En visitant cet endroit, on pense aux journ\u00e9es angoissantes que les employ\u00e9s ont d\u00fb passer, dans ces bureaux sombres et \u00e0 l\u2019espace r\u00e9duit, dans l\u2019espoir de trouver un jour la cl\u00e9 qui permettrait de lire les messages ennemis afin de gagner la guerre et de sauver des vies. On estime que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Bletchley Park, la guerre a pris fin deux ans plus t\u00f4t. Et on imagine l\u2019euphorie qui a d\u00fb s\u2019emparer d\u2019eux lorsqu\u2019ils ont enfin d\u00e9couvert le code, acc\u00e9dant ainsi aux informations de la plus haute importance. Le succ\u00e8s du D-Day est d\u00fb, en partie, aux informations intercept\u00e9es par les \u00ab Bombes \u00bb, ces machines cr\u00e9\u00e9es afin de d\u00e9crypter plus vite les messages. Pourquoi ce nom ? Sans doute car elles faisaient un bruit infernal tandis qu\u2019elles fonctionnaient. Le jour du d\u00e9barquement, les informations furent intercept\u00e9es, d\u00e9crypt\u00e9es et traduites en \u00e0 peine deux heures et demi, ce qui signifie que les Alli\u00e9s avaient acc\u00e8s aux informations presque aussi rapidement que leurs destinataires d’origine. Un temps record v\u00e9ritablement \u00e9poustouflant.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Si vous \u00eates \u00e0 Londres, je vous conseille vivement de vous rendre dans ce lieu incroyable o\u00f9 vous apprendrez un tas de choses int\u00e9ressantes. Il n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 une heure de train de la capitale anglaise le week-end. Cela dit, en semaine, le voyage est plus rapide et vous y arriverez en une demi-heure. Petit plus\u00a0: le billet du mus\u00e9e est valable un an\u00a0\ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Et pourquoi ne pas regarder The Imitation Game<\/em> avant d\u2019y aller ? Ce sont deux amis qui me l\u2019ont conseill\u00e9 et ils ont eu bien raison car je n\u2019avais jamais entendu parler d\u2019Alan Turing avant cela. Il s\u2019agit tout de m\u00eame de l\u2019homme qui a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 percer le secret d\u2019Enigma et qui a con\u00e7u la machine capable d\u2019en d\u00e9crypter les messages plus rapidement. Il serait temps d\u2019ajouter des informations capitales dans nos livres d\u2019histoire, vous ne trouvez pas ?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

Bureau d’Alan Turing<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Si vous aimez tout ce qui touche au myst\u00e8re, \u00e0 l\u2019espionnage et au MI6, cet endroit vous fera, sans l\u2019ombre d\u2019un doute, r\u00eaver \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sit\u00f4t arriv\u00e9s dans cette petite gare au Nord de Londres, le ton est donn\u00e9. \u00ab\u00a0Bletchley Park : home of codebreakers\u00a0\u00bb peut-on lire sur le panneau. Lieu top-secret durant la Seconde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[41],"tags":[287,289,290],"yoast_head":"\nBletchley Park, le lieu secret qui a chang\u00e9 la face du monde - Isabelle Meschi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/isabelle-meschi.com\/fr\/bletchley-park-le-lieu-secret-qui-a-change-la-face-du-monde\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bletchley Park, le lieu secret qui a chang\u00e9 la face du monde - Isabelle Meschi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sit\u00f4t arriv\u00e9s dans cette petite gare au Nord de Londres, le ton est donn\u00e9. \u00ab\u00a0Bletchley Park : home of codebreakers\u00a0\u00bb peut-on lire sur le panneau. 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